Start with the file type
Look at both the extension and where the file came from. MP4, MKV, AVI and MOV files can contain very different video and audio streams.
Check the symptom
No sound points toward an audio decoder. A black screen with audio suggests video decoding. A file that will not open at all may involve the container, splitter, damage or access permissions.
Try codec support when appropriate
Installing DirectShow codecs and splitters can help compatible players handle more common streams and containers, especially with older desktop playback software.
Avoid over-fixing
Do not repeatedly install random codec packs. If one trusted pack does not help, inspect the file, try another player, repair the download, or convert the file to a widely supported format.
Practical takeaway
Use the codec pack when a DirectShow-based Windows 10 player needs extra decoding, splitting or filtering support. If the file is broken, encrypted or outside normal playback profiles, a repair, conversion or different player may still be required.